The Food and Drug Administration has approved a groundbreaking new drug for advanced pancreatic cancer, offering US patients a more effective treatment against one of the deadliest types of cancer.
FDA officials gave expedited approval to the first-of-a-kind pill, called daraxonrasib, which blocks a mutated protein that fuels tumor growth in more than 90% of pancreatic cancer cases. It’s an approach that previously eluded drugmakers for decades.
The daily pills will be sold by Revolution Medicines under the brand name Rasonque. A one-month supply would cost approximately $39,800, the company announced.
The Study Results
Patients taking the drug nearly doubled their survival time, with fewer severe side effects, in a study that randomly assigned them to receive the experimental treatment or more chemotherapy. The company-funded study enrolled 500 patients whose metastatic, or spreading, cancer had quit responding to prior treatment.
Patients getting the new treatment lived for a median of 13.2 months compared with 6.7 months for chemotherapy recipients. Side effects included skin rash, mouth sores, diarrhea, and other digestive issues.
“This is one of the most anticipated approvals I can think of,” said Dr. Andrew Coveler of the Fred Hutch Cancer Center. “This medicine is not a cure but a significant improvement.”
The Impact on Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer is among the most deadly forms in large part because it is hard to detect before it starts spreading to other organs. The American Cancer Society estimates about 67,000 new cases will be diagnosed in the United States this year and more than 52,000 people will die from the disease. The five-year overall survival rate is 13%.
The drug garnered public attention earlier this year when former Sen. Ben Sasse described on CBS’ “60 Minutes” how he has had less pain while taking it. A surge in public interest led the FDA to allow “expanded access” before the drug’s official approval for patients who met certain criteria.
How It Works
Unlike with other cancers that have benefited from a variety of chemotherapy alternatives, pancreatic cancer has been harder to tackle. The new drug targets mutations in the RAS gene family that normally regulates cell growth. What are known as KRAS mutations are especially critical in fueling pancreatic cancer. But a structure that made it hard for drugs to stick to the mutated proteins meant this cancer driver was long considered “undruggable.”
Revolution Medicines’ drug uses what’s essentially a molecular glue to bind with multiple KRAS subtypes. The Redwood City, California-based drugmaker is studying its technology for several other forms of cancer, including lung cancer.
The Future of Cancer Treatment
Doctors who treat pancreatic cancer hope the drug may usher in more new options for other forms of cancer, with scores of experimental drugs in development.
“I think this has opened doors for many other companies,” said Dr. Pashtoon Kasi of City of Hope Orange County. “Downstream I think there are going to be a lot more trials looking at this approach in other tumor types.”
FDA regulators noted that they approved the drug more than six months ahead of their target date. “It is our fundamental duty to deliver more cures and meaningful treatments to patients as quickly as possible,” the FDA’s acting commissioner said.
The Bottom Line
The FDA has approved daraxonrasib, a groundbreaking pancreatic cancer drug that nearly doubles survival time for patients with advanced disease. The first-of-its-kind pill targets KRAS mutations in more than 90% of pancreatic cancer cases. Patients in the study lived a median of 13.2 months compared to 6.7 months on chemotherapy. The drug will cost approximately $39,800 per month. Doctors say it marks a significant advance in treating one of the deadliest cancers.
